.
.
Physics tries to understand why material A plus material B becomes material C. Chemistry tries to how material A plus material B becomes material C. Physics is force centric. Chemistry is material centric. Chemistry is an experimental science while Physics is a theoretical science. Example: Physics can tell you how to solve a hydrogen atom, why orbitals behave and are located the way that they are, and how electrons best fill those orbitals. Chemistry will tell you how electrons interact in those orbitals, where they group together, and what the shape of the resulting molecule means for macro-scale chemistry. Chemistry focuses on the transformation of substances (formulas, reactions, etc.). And physics mainly studies various forces and fundamental interactions in nature. But, with this (or similar) formulation, we will inevitably come to the conclusion that the field of research in physics and chemistry will overlap.
.
The branch of science that studies the preparation, properties, structure and reactions of material substances is called ____________.
chemistry
.
Philosopher’s stone (Paras) which would convert all ____________ metals e.g., iron and copper into gold.
baser
Chemistry developed mainly in the form of Alchemy and ____________________ during 1300-1600 CE.
Iatrochemistry
Gypsum cement has been used in the construction work.Gypsum maily composed of _____________. Gypsum cement contains______, ___________ and traces of__________ .
Gypsum maily composed of Hydrated Calcium Sulphate(CaSO4·2H2O) .Gypsum cement contains lime, sand and traces of CaCO3.
Harappans improved the hardness of copper for making artefacts by using___________ and ____________.
tin,arsenic
- Customarily, unalloyed copper was used for manufacturing artifacts and rarely tin was mixed with copper to make bronze.
- Gold, copper, silver, bronze metals were known to Indus Valley Civilization but not iron.
The Chalcolithic cultures followed the Bronze Age Harappa culture.
(from *sal- "salt") + petra "rock, stone" (see petrous). So called because it looks like salt encrusted on rock and has a saline taste.
Some of the drugs are _________ and ____________-, which are effective in cancer therapy.
cisplatin,taxol
The drug _______________is used for helping AIDS patients.
AZT (Azidothymidine)
At the ________________ level, matter can be classified as mixture or pure substance.
macroscopic or bulk
A mixture contains particles of _____ or more pure substances which may be present in it in any ratio.
two
A mixture may be ____________or____________.
homogeneous or heterogeneous
Air are the examples of _____________ mixtures.
homogeneous
The components of a mixture can be separated by using _______ methods, such as simple hand-picking, filtration, crystallisation, distillation, etc.
physical
Crystallisation is Physical or chemical process?
Physical process.
Pure substances can further be classified into ________and _____________.
elements and compounds
When two or more atoms of _____________ elements combine together in a definite ratio,it is called the molecule of a compound
different
Hydrogen burns with a ___________________sound
pop
The metric system, which originated in ___________ in late eighteenth century, was more convenient as it was based on the ____________ system.
France,decimal
The second is the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the______________ atom.
caesium-133
The ampere is that constant current, which current if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length of negligible circular cross-section and placed 1 metre apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to ____________ newton per metre of length.
2 × 10^–7
The candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency _____________-hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian.
540 × 10^12
* Triple point of water is______ °C
0.01
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1.yocto , 2.atto , 3.pico , 4.exa , 5.yotta
The mass of a substance can be determined accurately in the laboratory by using an ____________ balance
analytical
1 L = _____________ mL
1000
The mass standard is the kilogram since 1889. It has been defined as the mass of _____________ cylinder that is stored in an airtight jar at International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Sevres, France.
platinum-iridium (Pt-Ir)
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Significant figures are meaningful digits which are known with certainty plus one which is ____________or_______________-.
estimated or uncertain
We write a result as 11.2 mL, we say the ________ is certain and __________is uncertain and the uncertainty would be ____. in the last digit.
We write a result as 11.2 mL, we say the 11 is certain and 2 is uncertain and the uncertainty would be plus minus 1 in the last digit.
0.0052 has ___________ significant figures.
two
0.200 g has ____________significant figures.
three
100 has _____________ significant figure
only one
100. has ________ significant figures and 100.0 has _____________ significant figures.
100. has three significant figures and 100.0 has four significant figures.
1.00×10^2 for __________ significant figures.
three
Counting the numbers of object, for example, 2 balls or 20 eggs, have ___________significant figures as these are exact numbers and can be represented by writing infinite number of zeros after placing a decimal
infinite
Precision refers to the ______________ of various measurements for the same quantity. However, accuracy is the agreement of a particular value to the _______ value of the result.
closeness,true
If the rightmost digit to be removed is 5, then the preceding number is not changed if it is an _______- number but it is increased by one if it is an _____________number.
even,odd respectevly
1 inch = ___________cm
2.54
Law of Definite Proportions. This law was given by, a French chemist, ______________.
Joseph Proust
Law of Definite Proportions stated that _____________ always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by weight.
a given compound
3 Law of Multiple Proportions. This law was proposed by ______________.
Dalton in 1803
According to Law of Multiple Proportions law, if two elements can combine to form _______________ compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element, are in the ratio of small whole numbers.
more than one
______________’s Law of Gaseous Volumes
Gay Lussac
Gay Lussac’s discovery of integer ratio in volume relationship is actually the law of _____________ proportions by volume.
definite
In 1811, Avogadro proposed that equal volumes of all gases at the same_______and______ should contain equal number of molecules.
temperature and pressure
However, ______________ and others believed at that time that atoms of the same kind cannot combine and molecules of oxygen or hydrogen containing two atoms did not exist.
Dalton
Compounds are formed when atoms of _______________ elements combine in a fixed ratio.
different
Today, we have sophisticated techniques e.g., _____________ for determining the atomic masses fairly accurately.
mass spectrometry
The formula, such as NaCl, is used to calculate the ____________ instead of molecular mass as in the solid state sodium chloride does not exist as a single entity.
formula mass
One atomic mass unit is defined as a mass exactly equal to ____________ of the mass of one carbon - 12 atom
one-twelfth
1 amu = ________________g
1.66056×10^–24
Mass of an atom of hydrogen = ______________ g
1.6736×10^–24
At present, ‘amu’ has been replaced by ‘u’, which is known as ____________.
unified mass
1 score = _________ items
20
1 Gross=____________ items.
144
The mass of a carbon–12 atom was determined by a mass spectrometer and found to be equal to ____________ g.
1.992648 × 10^–23
The word ‘stoichiometry’ is derived from two Greek words — stoicheion (meaning, ____________) and metron (meaning, measure).
element
Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute present in 1 kg of ______.
solvent
The solution of higher concentration is also known as _________- solution.
stock
_____________of a solution does not change with temperature since mass remains unaffected with temperature.
Molality
The measurements of quantities in chemistry are spread over a wide range of 10^–31 to ____________-.
10^+23
What is the smallest length with any meaning?
The smallest length with any meaning is the Planck length (about 1.6 x 10^-35 meter). Quarks are very very small (less than 10^-19 meters). A Hydrogen atom is about 100 picometers in diameter (1.06 x 10^-10 meters)
