Question: 100% NCERT covered from Particular Keyword.Explanations are 100% from NCERT | [Difficult level: Easy] From NCERT NEET Derived Question.
Which of the following had the smallest brain
capacity?
(a) Homo neanderthalensis
(b) Homo habilis
(c) Homo erectus
(d) Homo sapiens
(NEET 2015)
Answer:(b) Homo habilis
ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF MAN
👉About 15 mya, primates called Dryopithecus and Ramapithecus were
existing. They were hairy and walked like gorillas and chimpanzees.
👉Ramapithecus was more man-like while Dryopithecus was more
ape-like.
👉Few fossils of man-like bones have been discovered in Ethiopia
and Tanzania
👉3-4 mya, man-like primates walked in eastern Africa.
They were probably not taller than 4 feet but walked up right.
👉Two mya,
Australopithecines probably lived in East African grasslands. Evidence
shows they hunted with stone weapons but essentially ate fruit.
👉First human-like being the hominid and was called Homo habilis.
The brain capacities were between 650-800cc. They probably did not eat
meat.
👉Fossils discovered in Java in 1891 revealed the next stage, i.e., Homo
erectus about 1.5 mya. Homo erectus had a large brain around 900cc.
👉Homo erectus probably ate meat.
👉The Neanderthal man with a brain size
of 1400cc lived in near east and central Asia between 1,00,000-40,000
years back. They used hides to protect their body and buried their dead.
👉Homo sapiens arose in Africa and moved across continents and developed
into distinct races. During ice age between 75,000-10,000 years ago
modern Homo sapiens arose.
👉Pre-historic cave art developed about
18,000 years ago. One such cave paintings by Pre-historic humans can
be seen at Bhimbetka rock shelter in Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh.
👉Agriculture came around 10,000 years back and human settlements
started.
👉The skull of baby chimpanzee is more like adult human skull
than adult chimpanzee skull
