Question: From NCERT | NEET 2021 || [Difficult level:Easy] ||| NEET 2010 Similar Q

.Match List-I with List-II

List-I	List-II
(a) Filariasis	(i) Haemophilus influenzae
(b) Amoebiasis	(ii) Trichophyton
(c) Pneumonia	(iii) Wuchereria bancrofti
(d) Ringworm	(iv) Entamoeba histolytica

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

	(a)	(b)	(c)	(d)
1.	(i)	(ii)	(iv)	(iii)
2.	(ii)	(iii)	(i)	(iv)
3.	(iv)	(i)	(iii)	(ii)
4.	(iii)	(iv)	(i)	(ii)

.

✅

Answer ▽ ✅Verified

4.(iii)(iv)(i)(ii)

A detailed solution :

Tricho-

👉Many fungi belonging to the genera Microsporum,

Trichophyton and Epidermophyton are

responsible for ringworms which is one of

the most common infectious diseases in man.

These lesions are accompanied

by intense itching. Heat and moisture help

these fungi to grow, which makes them thrive

in skin folds such as those in the groin or

between the toes.

👉A bioactive molecule, cyclosporin A, that is used as an

immunosuppressive agent in organ-transplant patients, is produced by

the fungus Trichoderma polysporum.

👉A biological control being developed for use in the treatment of plant

disease is the fungus Trichoderma. Trichoderma species are free-living

fungi that are very common in the root ecosystems. They are effective

biocontrol agents of several plant pathogens.

👉Deuteromycetes: imperfect fungi because only the asexual or

vegetative phases of these fungi.The deuteromycetes reproduce

only by asexual spores

known as conidia.Some examples are

Alternaria, Colletotrichum and Trichoderma.

👉The epidermal tissue system forms the outer-most covering of the whole

plant body and comprises epidermal cells, stomata and the epidermal

appendages – the trichomes and hairs.

👉On the stem the epidermal hairs are called

trichomes. The trichomes in the shoot system are usually multicellular.

They may be branched or unbranched and soft or stiff. They may even

be secretory. The trichomes help in preventing water loss due to

transpiration.

👉Infections or diseases which are transmitted through sexual intercourse

are collectively called sexually transmitted infections (STI) or venereal

diseases (VD) or reproductive tract infections (RTI). Gonorrhoea, syphilis,

genital herpes, chlamydiasis, genital warts, trichomoniasis, hepatitis-B

and of course, the most discussed infection in the recent years, HIV leading

to AIDS are some of the common STIs.

Filaria

👉Ascaris, the common round worm and Wuchereria,

the filarial worm, are some of the helminths which are

known to be pathogenic to man.

👉Wuchereria (W. bancrofti and W. malayi), the filarial

worms cause a slowly developing chronic inflammation

of the organs in which they live for many years, usually

the lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs and the disease

is called elephantiasis or filariasis . The

genital organs are also often affected, resulting in gross

deformities. The pathogens are transmitted to a healthy

person through the bite by the female mosquito vectors.

👉For diseases such as malaria and filariasis that are transmitted through

insect vectors, the most important measure is to control or eliminate the

vectors and their breeding places. This can be achieved by avoiding

stagnation of water in and around residential areas, regular cleaning of

household coolers, use of mosquito nets, introducing fishes like Gambusia

in ponds that feed on mosquito larvae, spraying of insecticides in ditches,

drainage areas and swamps, etc.

👉Phylum – Aschelminthes

The body of the aschelminthes is circular in

cross-section, hence, the name roundworms

. They may be freeliving, aquatic

and terrestrial or parasitic in plants and animals.

Roundworms have organ-system level of body

organisation. They are bilaterally symmetrical,

triploblastic and pseudocoelomate animals.

Alimentary canal is complete with a welldeveloped

muscular pharynx. An excretory

tube removes body wastes from the body cavity

through the excretory pore. Sexes are separate

(dioecious), i.e., males and females are distinct.

Often females are longer than males. Fertilisation

is internal and development may be direct (the

young ones resemble the adult) or indirect.

Examples : Ascaris (Roundworm), Wuchereria

(Filaria worm), Ancylostoma (Hookworm).

Haemop-

👉Bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae

are responsible for the disease pneumonia in humans which infects the

alveoli (air filled sacs) of the lungs. As a result of the infection, the alveoli

get filled with fluid leading to severe problems in respiration. The symptoms

of pneumonia include fever, chills, cough and headache. In severe cases,

the lips and finger nails may turn gray to bluish in colour. A healthy

person acquires the infection by inhaling the droplets/aerosols released

by an infected person or even by sharing glasses and utensils with an

infected person. Dysentery, plague, diphtheria, etc., are some of the other

bacterial diseases in man.

👉Most common

and prevalent Mendelian disorders are Haemophilia, Cystic fibrosis, Sickle cell

anaemia, Colour blindness, Phenylketonuria, Thalassemia, etc.

👉The trait

may also be linked to the sex chromosome as in case of haemophilia.

👉Haemophilia : This sex linked recessive disease, which shows its

transmission from unaffected carrier female to some of the male progeny

has been widely studied. In this disease, a single protein that is a part of

the cascade of proteins involved in the clotting of blood is affected. Due to

this, in an affected individual a simple cut will result in non-stop bleeding.

The heterozygous female (carrier) for haemophilia may transmit the disease

to sons. The possibility of a female becoming a haemophilic is extremely

rare because mother of such a female has to be at least carrier and the

father should be haemophilic (unviable in the later stage of life). The family

pedigree of Queen Victoria shows a number of haemophilic descendents

as she was a carrier of the disease.

Entamoeba

👉Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite in the large intestine of

human which causes amoebiasis (amoebic dysentery). Symptoms of

this disease include constipation, abdominal pain and cramps, stools

with excess mucous and blood clots. Houseflies act as mechanical carriers

and serve to transmit the parasite from faeces of infected person to food.

👉Protozoans

All protozoans are heterotrophs and live as predators or

parasites. They are believed to be primitive relatives of

animals. There are four major groups of protozoans.

Amoeboid protozoans: These organisms live in fresh

water, sea water or moist soil. They move and capture

their prey by putting out pseudopodia (false feet) as in Amoeba. Marine

forms have silica shells on their surface. Some of them such as Entamoeba

are parasites.

⬆️Prev____@organised notes_____Next⬇️

Question: From NCERT | NEET 2020 || [Difficult level:Easy] |||

.Match the following columns and select the correct option :

Column - I Column - II

(i) Typhoid (a) Haemophilus influenzae

(ii) Malaria (b) Wuchereria bancrofti

(iii) Pneumonia (c) Plasmodium vivax

(iv) Filariasis (d) Salmonella typhi

1. (i)-(d), (ii)-(c), (iii)-(a), (iv)-(b)

2. (i)-(c), (ii)-(d), (iii)-(b), (iv)-(a)

3. (i)-(a), (ii)-(c), (iii)-(b), (iv)-(d)

4. (i)-(a), (ii)-(b), (iii)-(d), (iv)-(c)

.

✅

Answer ▽ ✅Verified

1. (i)-(d), (ii)-(c), (iii)-(a), (iv)-(b)

Filaria

👉Ascaris, the common round worm and Wuchereria,

the filarial worm, are some of the helminths which are

known to be pathogenic to man.

👉Wuchereria (W. bancrofti and W. malayi), the filarial

worms cause a slowly developing chronic inflammation

of the organs in which they live for many years, usually

the lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs and the disease

is called elephantiasis or filariasis . The

genital organs are also often affected, resulting in gross

deformities. The pathogens are transmitted to a healthy

person through the bite by the female mosquito vectors.

👉For diseases such as malaria and filariasis that are transmitted through

insect vectors, the most important measure is to control or eliminate the

vectors and their breeding places. This can be achieved by avoiding

stagnation of water in and around residential areas, regular cleaning of

household coolers, use of mosquito nets, introducing fishes like Gambusia

in ponds that feed on mosquito larvae, spraying of insecticides in ditches,

drainage areas and swamps, etc.

👉Phylum – Aschelminthes

The body of the aschelminthes is circular in

cross-section, hence, the name roundworms

. They may be freeliving, aquatic

and terrestrial or parasitic in plants and animals.

Roundworms have organ-system level of body

organisation. They are bilaterally symmetrical,

triploblastic and pseudocoelomate animals.

Alimentary canal is complete with a welldeveloped

muscular pharynx. An excretory

tube removes body wastes from the body cavity

through the excretory pore. Sexes are separate

(dioecious), i.e., males and females are distinct.

Often females are longer than males. Fertilisation

is internal and development may be direct (the

young ones resemble the adult) or indirect.

Examples : Ascaris (Roundworm), Wuchereria

(Filaria worm), Ancylostoma (Hookworm).

Malaria

👉Protozoans

All protozoans are heterotrophs and live as predators or

parasites. They are believed to be primitive relatives of

animals. There are four major groups of protozoans.

👉Amoeboid protozoans: These organisms live in fresh

water, sea water or moist soil. They move and capture

their prey by putting out pseudopodia (false feet) as in Amoeba. Marine

forms have silica shells on their surface. Some of them such as Entamoeba

are parasites.

👉Flagellated protozoans: The members of this group are either free-living

or parasitic. They have flagella. The parasitic forms cause diaseases such

as sleeping sickness. Example: Trypanosoma.

👉Ciliated protozoans: These are aquatic, actively moving organisms because

of the presence of thousands of cilia. They have a cavity (gullet) that opens

to the outside of the cell surface. The coordinated movement of rows of

cilia causes the water laden with food to be steered into the gullet. Example:

Paramoecium

👉Sporozoans: This includes diverse organisms that have an infectious

spore-like stage in their life cycle. The most notorious is Plasmodium

(malarial parasite) which causes malaria, a disease which has a staggering

effect on human population.

👉Some of the human diseases are caused by protozoans too. You might

have heard about malaria, a disease man has been fighting since many

years. Plasmodium, a tiny protozoan is responsible for this disease. Different

species of Plasmodium (P. vivax, P. malaria and P. falciparum) are

responsible for different types of malaria. Of these, malignant malaria caused

by Plasmodium falciparum is the most serious one and can even be fatal.

👉Plasmodium enters the human body as sporozoites (infectious form)

through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquito. The parasites

initially multiply within the liver cells and then attack the red blood cells

(RBCs) resulting in their rupture. The rupture of RBCs is associated with

release of a toxic substance, haemozoin, which is responsible for the chill

and high fever recurring every three to four days. When a female Anopheles

mosquito bites an infected person, these parasites enter the mosquito’s

body and undergo further development. The parasites multiply within

them to form sporozoites that are stored in their salivary glands. When

these mosquitoes bite a human, the sporozoites are introduced into his/

her body, thereby initiating the events mentioned above. It is interesting

to note that the malarial parasite requires two hosts – human and

mosquitoes – to complete its life cycle

👉For diseases such as malaria and filariasis that are transmitted through

insect vectors, the most important measure is to control or eliminate the

vectors and their breeding places.

👉Vector-borne diseases

like malaria especially one caused by Plasmodium falciparum, if not

treated, may prove fatal.