carbon monoxide : 100% NCERT Keyword Covered

 

👉Gatterman – Koch reaction:

When benzene or its derivative is treated with carbon monoxide

and hydrogen chloride in the presence of anhydrous aluminium

chloride or cuprous chloride, it gives benzaldehyde or substituted

benzaldehyde.

👉Aldehydes are

prepared by dehydrogenation or controlled oxidation of primary alcohols and

controlled or selective reduction of acyl halides. Aromatic aldehydes may also be

prepared by oxidation of (i) methylbenzene with chromyl chloride or CrO3 in the

presence of acetic anhydride, (ii) formylation of arenes with carbon monoxide and

hydrochloric acid in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride, and (iii) cuprous

chloride or by hydrolysis of benzal chloride.

👉Ketones are prepared by oxidation of

secondary alcohols and hydration of alkynes. Ketones are also prepared by reaction

of acyl chloride with dialkylcadmium. A good method for the preparation of aromatic

ketones is the Friedel-Crafts acylation of aromatic hydrocarbons with acyl chlorides

or anhydrides.

👉Both aldehydes and ketones can be prepared by ozonolysis of alkenes.

👉carbon monoxide is reducing agent

👉Wrought iron or malleable iron is the purest form

of commercial iron and is prepared from cast iron

by oxidising impurities in a reverberatory furnace

lined with haematite. The haematite oxidises carbon

to carbon monoxide

👉Limestone is added as a flux and sulphur, silicon and phosphorus

are oxidised and passed into the slag. The metal is removed and freed

from the slag by passing through rollers.

👉Mond Process for Refining Nickel: In this process, nickel is heated

in a stream of carbon monoxide forming a volatile complex named as

nickel tetracarbonyl. This compex is decomposed at higher temperature

to obtain pure metal.

👉The iodine oxides, I2O4 , I2O5, I2O7 are insoluble solids and

decompose on heating. I2O5 is a very good oxidising agent and is

used in the estimation of carbon monoxide.

👉The production of dihydrogen can be

increased by reacting carbon monoxide of

syngas mixtures with steam in the presence of

iron chromate as catalyst.

👉Direct oxidation of C in limited supply of

oxygen or air yields carbon monoxide.

👉On small scale pure CO is prepared by

dehydration of formic acid with concentrated

H2SO4 at 373 K

👉On commercial scale it is prepared by the

passage of steam over hot coke. The mixture

of CO and H2 thus produced is known as water

gas or synthesis gas.

👉When air is used instead of steam, a mixture

of CO and N2 is produced, which is called

producer gas

👉Carbon monoxide

in water gas or producer gas can undergo

further combustion forming carbon dioxide

with the liberation of heat.

👉Carbon monoxide is a colourless,

odourless and almost water insoluble gas. It

is a powerful reducing agent and reduces

almost all metal oxides other than those of the

alkali and alkaline earth metals, aluminium

and a few transition metals. This property of

CO is used in the extraction of many metals

from their oxides ores.

eg-

Iron

Zinc

👉In CO molecule, there are one sigma and

two pie bonds between carbon and oxygen,

👉Because of the presence of a lone pair

on carbon, CO molecule acts as a donor and

reacts with certain metals when heated to form

metal carbonyls.

👉The highly poisonous

nature of CO arises because of its ability to

form a complex with haemoglobin, which

is about 300 times more stable than the

oxygen-haemoglobin complex. This prevents

haemoglobin in the red blood corpuscles from

carrying oxygen round the body and ultimately

resulting in death.

👉Carbon monoxide is neutral

whereas CO2 is acidic in nature. Carbon monoxide having lone pair of electrons on C

forms metal carbonyls.

👉A definite mass of an organic compound is

decomposed by heating in a stream of nitrogen

gas. The mixture of gaseous products containing

oxygen is passed over red-hot coke when all the

oxygen is converted to carbon monoxide. This

mixture is passed through warm iodine

pentoxide (I2O5) when carbon monoxide is

oxidised to carbon dioxide producing iodine.

👉Methane reacts with steam at 1273 K in the

presence of nickel catalyst to form carbon

monoxide and dihydrogen. This method is

used for industrial preparation of dihydrogen

gas

👉It is produced as a result of

incomplete combustion of carbon.

 Question:  From NCERT  | NEET   || [Difficult level:Easy] ||| 

.Air pollution causing photochemical oxidants production

include

(a) Carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide

(b) Nitrous oxide, nitric acid fumes, nitric oxide

(c) Ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate, aldehydes

(d) Oxygen, chlorine, fuming nitric acid

.

.

 ✅ 

 Answer ▽ ✅Verified 

(c) Ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate, aldehydes

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 Question:  From NCERT  | NEET   || [Difficult level:Easy] ||| 

.In almost all Indian metropolitan cities like Delhi, the major

atmospheric pollutant(s) is/are

(a) suspended particulate matter (SPM)

(b) oxides of sulphur

(c) carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide

(d) oxides of nitrogen

.

.

 ✅ 

 Answer ▽ ✅Verified 

(a) suspended particulate matter (SPM)

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 Question:  From NCERT  | NEET   || [Difficult level:Easy] ||| 

.For the following reaction: NO2(g) + CO(g) →NO(g) +

CO2(g), the rate law is: Rate = k [NO2]². If 0.1 mole of

gaseous carbon monoxide is added at constant temperature

to the reaction mixture which of the following statements is

true?

(a) Both k and the reaction rate remain the same

(b) Both k and the reaction rate increase

(c) Both k and the reaction rate decrease

(d) Only k increases, the reaction rate remain the same

.

.

 ✅ 

 Answer ▽ ✅Verified 

 (a) k remains constant at constant temperature and CO

does not effect the rate of reaction.Rate of a reaction decreases with

the passage of time as the concentration of reactants decrease. Conversely,

rates generally increase when reactant concentrations increase. So, rate of

a reaction depends upon the concentration of reactants.

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 Question:  From NCERT  | NEET   || [Difficult level:Easy] ||| 

.

.According to Ellingham diagram, the oxidation reaction of

carbon to carbon monoxide may be used to reduce which

one of the following oxides at the lowest temperature ?

(a) Al2O3 (b) Cu2O

(c) MgO (d) ZnO

.

 ✅ 

 Answer ▽ ✅Verified 

1. (b) In the graph of 'r G° vs T for formation of oxides, the Cu2O line is almost at the top. So, it is quite easy to reduce oxide ores of copper directly to the metal by heating with coke both the lines of C, CO and C, CO2 are at much lower temperature (500 - 600 K).

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 Question:  From NCERT  | NEET   || [Difficult level:Easy] ||| 

.

.In the extraction of copper from its sulphide ore, the metal is

finally obtained by the reduction of cuprous oxide with :

(a) Copper (I) sulphide (Cu2S)

(b) Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

(c) Iron sulphide (FeS)

(d) Carbon monoxide (CO)

.

 ✅ 

 Answer ▽ ✅Verified 

(a) Cuprous oxide formed during roasting of cuprous sulphide is mixed with few amount of cuprous sulphide and heated in a reverberatory furnace to get metallic copper.

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 Question:  From NCERT  | NEET   || [Difficult level:Easy] ||| 

.In the metallurgy of aluminium _________.

(a) Al3+ is oxidised to Al (s).

(b) graphide anode is oxidised to carbon monoxide and

carbon dioxide.

(c) oxidation state of oxygen changes in the reaction at

anode.

(d) oxidation state of oxygen changes in the overall

reaction involved in the process.

.

.

 ✅ 

 Answer ▽ ✅Verified 

(b) graphide anode is oxidised to carbon monoxide and

carbon dioxide.

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 Question:  From NCERT  | NEET   || [Difficult level:Easy] ||| 

.An industrial method of preparation of methanol is :

(a) catalytic reduction of carbon monoxide in presence of

ZnO–Cr2O3

(b) by reacting methane with steam at 900ºC with a nickel

catalyst

(c) by reducing formaldehyde with lithium aluminium

hydride

(d) by reacting formaldehyde with aqueous sodium

hydroxide solution

.

.

 ✅ 

 Answer ▽ ✅Verified 

(a) catalytic reduction of carbon monoxide in presence of

ZnO–Cr2O3

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 Question:  From NCERT  | NEET   || [Difficult level:Easy] ||| 

.Select the incorrect statement about the fermentation.

(a) When grapes are crushed, sugar and the enzyme come

in contact and fermentation starts

(b) Fermentation takes place in anaerobic conditions

(c) Carbon monoxide is released during fermentation

(d) If air gets into fermentation mixture, the oxygen of air

oxidises ethanol to ethanoic acid which in turn

destroys the taste of alcoholic drinks

.

.

 ✅ 

 Answer ▽ ✅Verified 

 (c) The quantity of sugar increases and yeast grows on

the outer skin as grapes ripen. When grapes are

crushed, sugar and the enzyme come in contact and

fermentation starts. Fermentation takes place in

anaerobic contidions i.e., in absence of air CO2

 is

released during fermentation. If air gets into

fermentation mixture the oxygen of air oxidises ethanol

to ethanoic acid which in turn destroys the taste of

alcoholic drinks.

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 Question:  From NCERT  | NEET   || [Difficult level:Easy] ||| 

.

.Benzophenone can be obtained by_____________.

(i) Benzoyl chloride + Benzene + AlCl3

(ii) Benzoyl chloride + Diphenyl cadmium

(iii) Benzoyl chloride + Phenyl magnesium chloride

(iv) Benzene + Carbon monoxide + ZnCl2

(a) (i), (ii) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iii)

(c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (i), (ii) and (iv)

.

 ✅ 

 Answer ▽ ✅Verified 

(a) (i), (ii) and (iii) 

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 Question:  From NCERT  | NEET   || [Difficult level:Easy] ||| 

.For the reaction Fe2O3 + 3CO2→ 2Fe + 3CO2, the volume

of carbon monoxide required to reduce one mole of ferric

oxide is

(a) 67.2 dm3 (b) 11.2 dm3

(c) 22.4 dm3 (d) 44.8 dm3

.

.

 ✅ 

 Answer ▽ ✅Verified 

a

One gram mol of any gas occupies 22.4 litre at NTP.1 mol of Fe2O3 requires 3 mol of CO for its reduction i.e., 1 mol of Fe2O3 requires 3 × 22.4 litre or 67.2 dm3 CO to get itself reduced.

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 Question:  From NCERT  | NEET   || [Difficult level:Easy] ||| 

.Which of the following is formed on reaction of carbon

monoxide gas with dihydrogen in presence of cobalt as

a catalyst?

(a) Methanal (b) Methanol

(c) Methane (d) Formic acid

.

.

 ✅ 

 Answer ▽ ✅Verified 

 (b) CO(g) + 2H2 (g) in presence of cobalt  catalyst Forms CH3OH(l)

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 Question:  From NCERT  | NEET   || [Difficult level:Easy] ||| 

.Which of the following statements is false?

(a) Water gas is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon

monoxide

(b) Producer gas is a mixture of CO and nitrogen

(c) Water gas is a mixture of water vapour and hydrogen

(d) Natural gas consists of methane, ethane and gaseous

hydrocarbons

.

.

 ✅ 

 Answer ▽ ✅Verified 

(c) Water gas is a mixture of water vapour and hydrogen

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 Question:  From NCERT  | NEET   || [Difficult level:Easy] ||| 

.Which of the following represents the correct reaction ?

.

.

 ✅ 

 Answer ▽ ✅Verified 

(b) Methane reacts with steam at 1273 K in the presence

of nickel catalyst to form carbon monoxide and

dihydrogen. This method is used for industrial

preparation of dihydrogen gas.

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