A simple way to visualize theories through diagram
1
Difference between energy bands of a) metals, b) insulators and c) semiconductors.
2
(a) Generation of hole at site 1 and conduction electron due to thermal energy. (b) Representation of possible thermal motion of a hole. The electron from site 2 goes to the earlier hole site 1, indicating an apparent movement of the hole from site 1 to site 2.
3
(a) p-n junction diode under forward bias
(b) Barrier potential (1) without battery, (2) low battery voltage, and (3) high battery voltage.
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(a) Diode under reverse bias, (b) Barrier potential under reverse bias.
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Experimental circuit arrangement for studying V-I characteristics of a p-n junction diode a) in forward bias, b) in reverse bias. c) Typical V-I characteristics of a silicon diode.
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(a) Half-wave rectifier circuit, (b) Input ac voltage and output voltage waveforms from the rectifier circuit.
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a) A Full-wave rectifier circuit; b) Input wave forms given to the diode at A and to the diode at B; c) Output waveform across the load RL connected in the full-wave rectifier circuit.
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(a) A full-wave rectifier with capacitor filter, (b) Input and output voltage of rectifier in (a).
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Zener diode as DC voltage regulator
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(a) An illuminated photodiode under reverse bias , (b) I-V characteristics of a photodiode for different illumination intensity
11
(a) Typical p-n junction solar cell; (b) Cross-sectional view.
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(a) A typical illuminated p-n junction solar cell; (b) I-V characteristics of a solar cell.
13
Logic Gates: Logic Symbols and their Truth Tables
